Coronary fluorine-18-sodium fluoride uptake is increased in healthy adults with an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile: Results from the CAMONA study

Objective Coronary artery fluorine-18-sodium fluoride (¹⁸F-NaF) uptake reflects coronary artery calcification metabolism and is considered to be an early prognostic marker of coronary heart disease. This study evaluated the relationship between coronary artery ¹⁸F-NaF uptake and cardiovascular risk in healthy adults at low cardiovascular risk. Participants and methods Study participants underwent blood pressure measurements, blood analyses, and coronary artery ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT imaging. In addition, the 10-year risk for the development of cardiovascular disease, on the basis of the Framingham Risk Score, was estimated. Multivariable linear regression evaluated the dependence of coronary artery ¹⁸F-NaF uptake on cardiovascular risk factors. Results We recruited 89 (47 men, 42 women) healthy adults aged 21-75 years. Female sex (0.34 kBq/ml; P=0.009), age (0.16 kBq/ml per SD; P=0.002), and BMI (0.42 kBq/ml per SD; P<0.001) were independent determinants of increased coronary artery ¹⁸F-NaF uptake (adjusted R 2 =0.21; P<0.001). Coronary artery ¹⁸F-NaF uptake increased linearly according to the number of cardiovascular risk factors present (P<0.001 for a linear trend). The estimated 10-year risk for the development of cardiovascular disease was on average 2.4 times higher in adults with coronary artery ¹⁸F-NaF uptake in the highest quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile of the distribution (8.0 vs. 3.3%, P<0.001). Conclusion Our findings indicate that coronary artery ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT imaging is feasible in healthy adults at low cardiovascular risk and that an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile is associated with a marked increase in coronary artery ¹⁸F-NaF uptake.