Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells - Their osteogenicity and osteoblast in vitro mineralization on titanium granule carriers

Purpose: Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) may be osteogenic, may generate neoangiogenisis and may be progenitors for differentiated osteoblast mineralization. Titanium granules may be suitable as carriers for these cells. The aim was to demonstrate the osteogenic potential of ADMSCs and the effect of porous non-oxidized (Ti) and oxidized titanium (TiO₂) granules as carriers for ADMSCs mineralization in vitro. Materials and methods: ADMSCs were isolated, cultivated in osteoblast medium and evaluated for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, RNA isolation, and ALP staining. Osteoblast in vitro mineralization cells without granules or seeded on Ti or TiO₂ granules were evaluated for Alizarin Red assay and RNA isolation for later gene expressing. Results: ADMSCs express osteoblastic lineage genes, CBFA-1 and stain strongly for ALP. Mineralization was significantly higher for cells seeded on TiO₂ than on Ti granules or pure cells. Expression of ALPL and RUNX2 was significantly higher for cells seeded on TiO₂ granules and expression of COL1α1 for pure cells was significantly higher than for cells seeded on granules. Conclusion: ADMSCs have osteogenic potential. Mineralization was significantly high when cells were seeded on TiO₂ granules. TiO₂ granules may be used as carriers for adipose derived mesenchymal osteoblastic cells from laboratory bench to the patient.