The level of diagnostic assessment in severe asthma: A nationwide real-life study

Introduction Systematic assessment of patients with severe asthma is pivotal to decide which patients are eligible to new biological therapies. However, the level of diagnostic work-up in patients with severe asthma is only poorly investigated. Aims & objectives To describe the diagnostic work-up in a complete population of patients with severe asthma including: objective confirmation of the asthma diagnosis, and identification of potential treatment barriers, such as poor adherence and poor inhaler technique. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study was performed in 2013. We evaluated patient record forms of all patients (aged 18–65 years) consecutively referred with asthma to one of five respiratory outpatient clinics over two years. Patients were included in the study, if they fulfilled ERS/ATS guidelines for having severe asthma. Results Among 1563 patients with asthma, 98 (6.3%) patients fulfilled the criteria for having severe asthma. The diagnosis of asthma was confirmed objectively in 53/98 patients (54.1%). In total, 83.7% underwent at least one diagnostic test for asthma: reversibility test: 63.3%, PEF: 52% and bronchial challenge test: 21.4%. Among patients eligible for a bronchial challenge test (FEV₁ ≥ 70%; negative PEF measurement/reversibility test), only 23.1% had such a test performed. Inhalation technique and adherence were assessed in 19.4 and 30.6% of patients, respectively. Conclusion Among patients managed for severe asthma in a specialist setting, only half had the asthma diagnosis confirmed objectively, and adherence and inhaler technique were infrequently assessed.