TY - JOUR
T1 - Reference intervals for serum immunoglobulin A, G, and M in a Danish paediatric population-based cohort
AU - Løk, Mathilde
AU - Dandanell, Fie Erecius
AU - Frithioff-Bøjsøe, Christine
AU - Lund, Morten Asp Vonsild
AU - Fraulund, Maria Martens
AU - Lausten-Thomsen, Ulrik
AU - Sandau, Nicolai
AU - Baker, Jennifer L.
AU - Hansen, Torben
AU - Holm, Jens-Christian
N1 - Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2025/6
Y1 - 2025/6
N2 - OBJECTIVES: To determine age- and sex-specific reference values for serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) in a population-based cohort of 6 to 18 years old Danish children and adolescents and investigate if immunoglobulin concentrations vary with body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS).MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2171 school children and adolescents (median age 12.0 years) were recruited. BMI SDS was calculated, and health status was assessed by questionnaire and blood samples. Fasting serum concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM were determined by immunonephelometry. Sex- and age-specific percentiles were generated and partitioned following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP28-A3c guidelines. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate associations betweenIgA, IgG, IgM, and BMI SDS adjusted for age and sex.RESULTS: Concentrations of IgA increased with age but did not differ between boys and girls. An age-dependent increase was also detected for concentrations of IgG and IgM, although for IgG it was more pronounced in boys than girls. Girls had higher concentrations of IgG and IgM than boys at all ages. Concentrations of IgM were inversely associated with BMI SDS independent of age and sex.CONCLUSIONS: We generated age- and sex-specific reference intervals for IgA, IgG, and IgM based on children and adolescents from a Danish/North-European Caucasian population-based cohort. The findings can help evaluate alterations seen in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases.
AB - OBJECTIVES: To determine age- and sex-specific reference values for serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) in a population-based cohort of 6 to 18 years old Danish children and adolescents and investigate if immunoglobulin concentrations vary with body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS).MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2171 school children and adolescents (median age 12.0 years) were recruited. BMI SDS was calculated, and health status was assessed by questionnaire and blood samples. Fasting serum concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM were determined by immunonephelometry. Sex- and age-specific percentiles were generated and partitioned following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP28-A3c guidelines. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate associations betweenIgA, IgG, IgM, and BMI SDS adjusted for age and sex.RESULTS: Concentrations of IgA increased with age but did not differ between boys and girls. An age-dependent increase was also detected for concentrations of IgG and IgM, although for IgG it was more pronounced in boys than girls. Girls had higher concentrations of IgG and IgM than boys at all ages. Concentrations of IgM were inversely associated with BMI SDS independent of age and sex.CONCLUSIONS: We generated age- and sex-specific reference intervals for IgA, IgG, and IgM based on children and adolescents from a Danish/North-European Caucasian population-based cohort. The findings can help evaluate alterations seen in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Bmi
KW - Child
KW - Immunoglobulin A
KW - Immunoglobulin G
KW - Immunoglobulin M
KW - Immunoglobulins
KW - Obesity
KW - Reference Intervals
U2 - 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2025.110923
DO - 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2025.110923
M3 - Article
C2 - 40174761
SN - 0009-9120
VL - 137
JO - Clinical Biochemistry
JF - Clinical Biochemistry
M1 - 110923
ER -