Preoperative factors associated with red blood cell transfusion in hip fracture patients

Introduction: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a frequently used treatment in patients admitted with a fractured hip, but the use remains an area of much debate. The aim of this study was to determine preoperative factors associated with the risk of receiving a red blood cell transfusion in hip fracture patients. Method: The study included 986 consecutive hip fracture patients (aged 60 years or above). The patients were identified from a database of all hip fracture patients admitted to Bispebjerg University Hospital. Data for the database are collected via chart review and data extraction from the hospitals laboratory system, public registries and from the Capital Region Blood Bank Database. Results: Overall transfusion rate was 58.7 %. The univariate analyses showed that transfusion rate was higher among women (p = 0.004), older patients (p < 0.0001), patients with high ASA scores (p < 0.0001), patients with more severe fractures (p < 0.0001), patients with lower admission haemoglobin levels (p < 0.0001), patients not admitted from own home (p = 0.02) and patients taking aspirin (p = 0.007) or other platelet inhibitors (p = 0.01) on admission. In the multivariate analysis, increasing age, ASA ≥3, being admitted from own home, extracapsular fractures, decreasing admission haemoglobin and use of platelet inhibitors were all significantly associated with the risk of receiving a RBC transfusion. Conclusion: Several readily available preoperative factors in the form of age, residence, ASA, admission haemoglobin, medication and type of fracture were independently associated with the likelihood of receiving a red blood cell transfusion in patients admitted with a fractured hip.