TY - JOUR
T1 - Loss of retinal tension and permanent decrease in retinal function
T2 - a new porcine model of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
AU - Sørensen, Nina Buus
AU - Christiansen, Anders Tolstrup
AU - Kjaer, Troels Wesenberg
AU - Klemp, Kristian
AU - Cour, Morten la
AU - Heegaard, Steffen
AU - Warfvinge, Karin
AU - Kiilgaard, Jens Folke
N1 - � 2019 The Authors. Acta Ophthalmologica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation.
PY - 2020/3
Y1 - 2020/3
N2 - PURPOSE: Permanent loss of visual function after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment can occur despite successful surgical reattachment in humans. New treatment modalities could be explored in a detachment model with loss of retinal function. In previous porcine models, retinal function has returned after reattachment, regardless of height and duration of detachment. Difference in retinal tension between the models and the disease might explain these different outcomes. This study investigates, for the first time in an in vivo porcine model, another characteristic of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment - the loss of retinal tension.METHODS: Left eyes (n = 12) of 3-month-old domestic pigs were included. Baseline multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and a fundus photograph were obtained following anaesthesia (isoflurane). The pigs were vitrectomized, saline was injected subretinally, and the RPE was removed. The eyes were evaluated at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after surgery. Four eyes were enucleated at each evaluation for histologic examinations.RESULTS: A retinal detachment structurally resembling rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was induced in 11 out of 12 pigs. MfERG amplitudes were significantly decreased despite partial reattachment four and 6 weeks after detachment. The retinal thickness decreased with 27%, the inner nuclear layer degenerated, Müller cells hypertrophied, and outer segments were lost. In the ganglion cell layer, cellularity increased and there was cytoplasmic staining with Cyclin D1. Vimentin and GFAP staining for glial cells increased. After 2 weeks of detachment, the ganglion cells had lost their nucleus and nucleolus.CONCLUSIONS: Loss of retinal tension in the detached retina seems to induce permanent damage with loss of retinal function. Death of ganglion cells, observed as soon as 2 weeks after detachment, explains the permanent loss of retinal function. The new model enables investigations of time-relationship between retinal detachment and lasting damage in addition to exploration of novel treatment modalities.
AB - PURPOSE: Permanent loss of visual function after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment can occur despite successful surgical reattachment in humans. New treatment modalities could be explored in a detachment model with loss of retinal function. In previous porcine models, retinal function has returned after reattachment, regardless of height and duration of detachment. Difference in retinal tension between the models and the disease might explain these different outcomes. This study investigates, for the first time in an in vivo porcine model, another characteristic of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment - the loss of retinal tension.METHODS: Left eyes (n = 12) of 3-month-old domestic pigs were included. Baseline multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and a fundus photograph were obtained following anaesthesia (isoflurane). The pigs were vitrectomized, saline was injected subretinally, and the RPE was removed. The eyes were evaluated at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after surgery. Four eyes were enucleated at each evaluation for histologic examinations.RESULTS: A retinal detachment structurally resembling rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was induced in 11 out of 12 pigs. MfERG amplitudes were significantly decreased despite partial reattachment four and 6 weeks after detachment. The retinal thickness decreased with 27%, the inner nuclear layer degenerated, Müller cells hypertrophied, and outer segments were lost. In the ganglion cell layer, cellularity increased and there was cytoplasmic staining with Cyclin D1. Vimentin and GFAP staining for glial cells increased. After 2 weeks of detachment, the ganglion cells had lost their nucleus and nucleolus.CONCLUSIONS: Loss of retinal tension in the detached retina seems to induce permanent damage with loss of retinal function. Death of ganglion cells, observed as soon as 2 weeks after detachment, explains the permanent loss of retinal function. The new model enables investigations of time-relationship between retinal detachment and lasting damage in addition to exploration of novel treatment modalities.
KW - animal model
KW - intermediate filaments
KW - mammal
KW - Neuroprotection
KW - retinal surgery
KW - RPE damage
KW - subretinal surgery
U2 - 10.1111/aos.14188
DO - 10.1111/aos.14188
M3 - Article
C2 - 31359605
SN - 1755-375X
VL - 98
SP - 145
EP - 152
JO - Acta Ophthalmologica
JF - Acta Ophthalmologica
IS - 2
ER -