TY - JOUR
T1 - Future treatments for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease
T2 - the clinical trial landscape
AU - Carnero Contentti, Edgar
AU - de Oliveira Boldrini, Vinícius
AU - Casallas-Vanegas, Adriana
AU - Gluscevic, Sanja
AU - Koc, Emine Rabia
AU - Samadzadeh, Sara
AU - Seferoğlu, Meral
AU - Szejko, Natalia
AU - Levy, Michael
PY - 2025/9/24
Y1 - 2025/9/24
N2 - INTRODUCTION: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an emerging autoimmune demyelinating disorder distinct from multiple sclerosis and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica. Despite increasing recognition, no therapies are currently approved for MOGAD, and treatment remains empirical, with significant variability in clinical response and access to care.AREAS COVERED: This review explores the evolving treatment landscape of adult MOGAD, with a focus on immunotherapies under active clinical investigation: azathioprine, tocilizumab, satralizumab, and rozanolixizumab. For each agent, we discuss mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, safety, and efficacy based on clinical trials and observational data. Literature was identified through PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov, including ongoing phase 2/3 studies (MOGwAI, TOMATO, METEOROID, and cosMOG).EXPERT OPINION: Targeted immunotherapies have the potential to transform MOGAD management. In the next five years, one or more of these agents may achieve regulatory approval, particularly if biomarker-driven strategies and trial designs are refined. Addressing unmet needs in pediatric populations and low-resource settings will be essential to ensure equitable, personalized treatment.
AB - INTRODUCTION: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an emerging autoimmune demyelinating disorder distinct from multiple sclerosis and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica. Despite increasing recognition, no therapies are currently approved for MOGAD, and treatment remains empirical, with significant variability in clinical response and access to care.AREAS COVERED: This review explores the evolving treatment landscape of adult MOGAD, with a focus on immunotherapies under active clinical investigation: azathioprine, tocilizumab, satralizumab, and rozanolixizumab. For each agent, we discuss mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, safety, and efficacy based on clinical trials and observational data. Literature was identified through PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov, including ongoing phase 2/3 studies (MOGwAI, TOMATO, METEOROID, and cosMOG).EXPERT OPINION: Targeted immunotherapies have the potential to transform MOGAD management. In the next five years, one or more of these agents may achieve regulatory approval, particularly if biomarker-driven strategies and trial designs are refined. Addressing unmet needs in pediatric populations and low-resource settings will be essential to ensure equitable, personalized treatment.
KW - Mogad
KW - Azathioprine
KW - Rozanolixizumab
KW - Satralizumab
KW - Tocilizumab
KW - Treatment
U2 - 10.1080/14728214.2025.2565189
DO - 10.1080/14728214.2025.2565189
M3 - Review
C2 - 40984653
SN - 1472-8214
SP - 1
EP - 15
JO - Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
JF - Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
ER -