Dietary habits are suboptimal in patients referred to lipid clinics on suspicion of familial hypercholesterolaemia

Jonas Pedersen; Christian Bork; Helle Kanstrup; Kristian Korsgaard Thomsen; Merete Heitmann; Lia Evi Bang; Finn Lund Henriksen; Lars Juel Andersen; Thomas Gohr; Bo Kobberø Lauridsen; Anne Merete Boas Soja; Frank Peter Elpert; Tomas Joen Jakobsen; Anette Sjøl; Albert Marni Joensen; Ib Christian Klausen; Børge Grønne Nordestgaard; Erik Berg Schmidt; Berit Storgaard Hedegaard

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.07.010

Dietary habits are suboptimal in patients referred to lipid clinics on suspicion of familial hypercholesterolaemia

Jonas Pedersen, Christian Bork, Helle Kanstrup, Kristian Korsgaard Thomsen, Merete Heitmann, Lia Evi Bang, Finn Lund Henriksen, Lars Juel Andersen, Thomas Gohr, Bo Kobberø Lauridsen, Anne Merete Boas Soja, Frank Peter Elpert, Tomas Joen Jakobsen, Anette Sjøl, Albert Marni Joensen, Ib Christian Klausen, Børge Grønne Nordestgaard, Erik Berg Schmidt, Berit Storgaard Hedegaard^*

^*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Artikel › Forskning › peer review

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diet and lifestyle are cornerstones in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, especially in individuals with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate dietary habits among adults admitted to lipid clinics on suspicion of FH.

METHODS: From September 2020 through November 2021, all patients referred on suspicion of FH to all lipid clinics were invited to participate and 97.4 % (n = 1488) accepted. Information on dietary habits was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire based on a score ranging from 0 to 100.

RESULTS: A total of 1095 subjects were included of whom 5.7 % adhered to a heart-healthy diet. Overall, participants' diets were suboptimal and in particular the intake of fish, fruit, and vegetables was low with a median score of 52 points compared to the recommended heart-healthy 75 points. Women and individuals with a personal history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease showed marginally better adherence to a heart-healthy diet. Notably, intake of fish, fruit, vegetables, and whole-grains were insufficient in all groups.

CONCLUSION: Most participants referred to lipid clinics on suspicion of FH did not adhere to a heart-healthy diet regardless of history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These findings reinforce the importance of providing and supporting dietary counselling among individuals with hypercholesterolaemia.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Sider (fra-til)	257-265
Antal sider	9
Tidsskrift	Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
Vol/bind	69
Tidlig onlinedato	10 jul. 2025
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.07.010
Status	Udgivet - okt. 2025

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Pedersen, J., Bork, C., Kanstrup, H., Thomsen, K. K., Heitmann, M., Bang, L. E., Henriksen, F. L., Andersen, L. J., Gohr, T., Lauridsen, B. K., Boas Soja, A. M., Elpert, F. P., Jakobsen, T. J., Sjøl, A., Joensen, A. M., Klausen, I. C., Nordestgaard, B. G., Schmidt, E. B., & Hedegaard, B. S. (2025). Dietary habits are suboptimal in patients referred to lipid clinics on suspicion of familial hypercholesterolaemia. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 69, 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.07.010

@article{c222a89db0f84504af53437b72b3baa8,

title = "Dietary habits are suboptimal in patients referred to lipid clinics on suspicion of familial hypercholesterolaemia",

abstract = "BACKGROUND \& AIMS: Diet and lifestyle are cornerstones in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, especially in individuals with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate dietary habits among adults admitted to lipid clinics on suspicion of FH.METHODS: From September 2020 through November 2021, all patients referred on suspicion of FH to all lipid clinics were invited to participate and 97.4 \% (n = 1488) accepted. Information on dietary habits was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire based on a score ranging from 0 to 100.RESULTS: A total of 1095 subjects were included of whom 5.7 \% adhered to a heart-healthy diet. Overall, participants' diets were suboptimal and in particular the intake of fish, fruit, and vegetables was low with a median score of 52 points compared to the recommended heart-healthy 75 points. Women and individuals with a personal history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease showed marginally better adherence to a heart-healthy diet. Notably, intake of fish, fruit, vegetables, and whole-grains were insufficient in all groups.CONCLUSION: Most participants referred to lipid clinics on suspicion of FH did not adhere to a heart-healthy diet regardless of history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These findings reinforce the importance of providing and supporting dietary counselling among individuals with hypercholesterolaemia.",

keywords = "Ascvd, Dietary habits, Familial hypercholesterolaemia, Atherosclerosis/prevention \& control, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/diagnosis, Vegetables, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Male, Feeding Behavior, Diet, Healthy/statistics \& numerical data, Diet, Female, Adult, Aged, Referral and Consultation",

author = "Jonas Pedersen and Christian Bork and Helle Kanstrup and Thomsen, \{Kristian Korsgaard\} and Merete Heitmann and Bang, \{Lia Evi\} and Henriksen, \{Finn Lund\} and Andersen, \{Lars Juel\} and Thomas Gohr and Lauridsen, \{Bo Kobber{\o}\} and \{Boas Soja\}, \{Anne Merete\} and Elpert, \{Frank Peter\} and Jakobsen, \{Tomas Joen\} and Anette Sj{\o}l and Joensen, \{Albert Marni\} and Klausen, \{Ib Christian\} and Nordestgaard, \{B{\o}rge Gr{\o}nne\} and Schmidt, \{Erik Berg\} and Hedegaard, \{Berit Storgaard\}",

year = "2025",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.07.010",

language = "English",

volume = "69",

pages = "257--265",

journal = "Clinical Nutrition ESPEN",

issn = "2405-4577",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Pedersen, J, Bork, C, Kanstrup, H, Thomsen, KK, Heitmann, M, Bang, LE, Henriksen, FL, Andersen, LJ, Gohr, T, Lauridsen, BK, Boas Soja, AM, Elpert, FP, Jakobsen, TJ, Sjøl, A, Joensen, AM, Klausen, IC, Nordestgaard, BG, Schmidt, EB & Hedegaard, BS 2025, 'Dietary habits are suboptimal in patients referred to lipid clinics on suspicion of familial hypercholesterolaemia', Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, bind 69, s. 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.07.010

TY - JOUR

T1 - Dietary habits are suboptimal in patients referred to lipid clinics on suspicion of familial hypercholesterolaemia

AU - Pedersen, Jonas

AU - Bork, Christian

AU - Kanstrup, Helle

AU - Thomsen, Kristian Korsgaard

AU - Heitmann, Merete

AU - Bang, Lia Evi

AU - Henriksen, Finn Lund

AU - Andersen, Lars Juel

AU - Gohr, Thomas

AU - Lauridsen, Bo Kobberø

AU - Boas Soja, Anne Merete

AU - Elpert, Frank Peter

AU - Jakobsen, Tomas Joen

AU - Sjøl, Anette

AU - Joensen, Albert Marni

AU - Klausen, Ib Christian

AU - Nordestgaard, Børge Grønne

AU - Schmidt, Erik Berg

AU - Hedegaard, Berit Storgaard

PY - 2025/10

Y1 - 2025/10

N2 - BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diet and lifestyle are cornerstones in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, especially in individuals with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate dietary habits among adults admitted to lipid clinics on suspicion of FH.METHODS: From September 2020 through November 2021, all patients referred on suspicion of FH to all lipid clinics were invited to participate and 97.4 % (n = 1488) accepted. Information on dietary habits was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire based on a score ranging from 0 to 100.RESULTS: A total of 1095 subjects were included of whom 5.7 % adhered to a heart-healthy diet. Overall, participants' diets were suboptimal and in particular the intake of fish, fruit, and vegetables was low with a median score of 52 points compared to the recommended heart-healthy 75 points. Women and individuals with a personal history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease showed marginally better adherence to a heart-healthy diet. Notably, intake of fish, fruit, vegetables, and whole-grains were insufficient in all groups.CONCLUSION: Most participants referred to lipid clinics on suspicion of FH did not adhere to a heart-healthy diet regardless of history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These findings reinforce the importance of providing and supporting dietary counselling among individuals with hypercholesterolaemia.

AB - BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diet and lifestyle are cornerstones in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, especially in individuals with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate dietary habits among adults admitted to lipid clinics on suspicion of FH.METHODS: From September 2020 through November 2021, all patients referred on suspicion of FH to all lipid clinics were invited to participate and 97.4 % (n = 1488) accepted. Information on dietary habits was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire based on a score ranging from 0 to 100.RESULTS: A total of 1095 subjects were included of whom 5.7 % adhered to a heart-healthy diet. Overall, participants' diets were suboptimal and in particular the intake of fish, fruit, and vegetables was low with a median score of 52 points compared to the recommended heart-healthy 75 points. Women and individuals with a personal history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease showed marginally better adherence to a heart-healthy diet. Notably, intake of fish, fruit, vegetables, and whole-grains were insufficient in all groups.CONCLUSION: Most participants referred to lipid clinics on suspicion of FH did not adhere to a heart-healthy diet regardless of history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These findings reinforce the importance of providing and supporting dietary counselling among individuals with hypercholesterolaemia.

KW - Ascvd

KW - Dietary habits

KW - Familial hypercholesterolaemia

KW - Atherosclerosis/prevention & control

KW - Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/diagnosis

KW - Vegetables

KW - Cross-Sectional Studies

KW - Humans

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Male

KW - Feeding Behavior

KW - Diet, Healthy/statistics & numerical data

KW - Diet

KW - Female

KW - Adult

KW - Aged

KW - Referral and Consultation

U2 - 10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.07.010

DO - 10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.07.010

M3 - Article

C2 - 40651771

SN - 2405-4577

VL - 69

SP - 257

EP - 265

JO - Clinical Nutrition ESPEN

JF - Clinical Nutrition ESPEN

ER -

Dietary habits are suboptimal in patients referred to lipid clinics on suspicion of familial hypercholesterolaemia

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