TY - JOUR
T1 - Diabetic complications and risk of depression and anxiety among adults with type 2 diabetes
AU - Horsbøl, Trine Allerslev
AU - Hoffmann, Sofie Have
AU - Thorsted, Anne Bonde
AU - Rosenkilde, Siri
AU - Lehn, Sara Fokdal
AU - Kofoed-Enevoldsen, Allan
AU - Santos, Monica
AU - Iversen, Peter Bindslev
AU - Thygesen, Lau Caspar
N1 - © 2023 Diabetes UK.
PY - 2024/4
Y1 - 2024/4
N2 - AIMS: To investigate if diabetic complications increase the risk of depression and/or anxiety among adults with type 2 diabetes.METHODS: This register-based, prospective study included 265,799 adult individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 1997 and 2017 without a recent history of depression or anxiety. Diabetic complications included cardiovascular disease, amputation of lower extremities, neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. Both diabetic complications and depression and anxiety were defined by hospital contacts and prescription-based medication. All individuals were followed from the date of type 2 diabetes diagnosis until the date of incident depression or anxiety, emigration, death or 31 December 2018, whichever occurred first.RESULTS: The total risk time was 1,915,390 person-years. The incidence rate of depression and/or anxiety was 3368 per 100,000 person-years among individuals with diabetic complications and 1929 per 100,000 person-years among those without. Having or developing any diabetic complication was associated with an increased risk of depression and/or anxiety (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.73-1.80). The risk for depression and/or anxiety was increased for all types of diabetic complications. The strongest association was found for amputation of lower extremities (HR 2.16, 95% CI 2.01-2.31) and the weakest for retinopathy (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09-1.17).CONCLUSION: Individuals with type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications are at increased risk of depression and anxiety. This points towards the importance of an increased clinical focus on mental well-being among individuals with type 2 diabetes and complications.
AB - AIMS: To investigate if diabetic complications increase the risk of depression and/or anxiety among adults with type 2 diabetes.METHODS: This register-based, prospective study included 265,799 adult individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 1997 and 2017 without a recent history of depression or anxiety. Diabetic complications included cardiovascular disease, amputation of lower extremities, neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. Both diabetic complications and depression and anxiety were defined by hospital contacts and prescription-based medication. All individuals were followed from the date of type 2 diabetes diagnosis until the date of incident depression or anxiety, emigration, death or 31 December 2018, whichever occurred first.RESULTS: The total risk time was 1,915,390 person-years. The incidence rate of depression and/or anxiety was 3368 per 100,000 person-years among individuals with diabetic complications and 1929 per 100,000 person-years among those without. Having or developing any diabetic complication was associated with an increased risk of depression and/or anxiety (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.73-1.80). The risk for depression and/or anxiety was increased for all types of diabetic complications. The strongest association was found for amputation of lower extremities (HR 2.16, 95% CI 2.01-2.31) and the weakest for retinopathy (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09-1.17).CONCLUSION: Individuals with type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications are at increased risk of depression and anxiety. This points towards the importance of an increased clinical focus on mental well-being among individuals with type 2 diabetes and complications.
KW - Adult
KW - Anxiety/epidemiology
KW - Depression/epidemiology
KW - Diabetes Complications/epidemiology
KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
KW - Humans
KW - Prospective Studies
KW - Retinal Diseases
U2 - 10.1111/dme.15272
DO - 10.1111/dme.15272
M3 - Article
C2 - 38157285
SN - 0742-3071
VL - 41
JO - Diabetic Medicine
JF - Diabetic Medicine
IS - 4
M1 - e15272
ER -